Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common heart rhythm disorders. It features an irregular and often rapid heart rate and can lead to serious complications if not properly managed. Here we’re exploring the condition in more depth.
What Is Atrial Fibrillation?
AF occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat irregularly and out of sync with the lower chambers (the ventricles). This electrical activity disrupts the normal rhythm of the heart, leading to an irregular pulse. While it can be episodic, it can also become persistent or permanent if not treated.
Causes and Risk Factors
Atrial fibrillation can be triggered by a variety of factors, including:
- Chronic hypertension is a major risk factor for atrial fibrillation, as it can cause changes in the heart’s structure, leading to abnormal electrical activity.
- Conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and valvular heart disease increase the likelihood of developing AF.
- Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can contribute to AF.
- The risk increases significantly with age, particularly in those over 65.
- Excess weight is associated with an increased risk of AF. It can lead to changes in the heart’s structure and function.
- Sleep Apnoea is also linked to a higher risk of AF.
- Drinking large amounts of alcohol can trigger episodes of AF.
The Risks of Untreated Atrial Fibrillation
If left untreated AF can lead to several serious complications:
Stroke
Atrial fibrillation significantly increases the risk of stroke, as the irregular heart rhythm can cause blood to pool in the atria, leading to the formation of clots that can travel to the brain.
Heart Failure
The inefficient pumping of the heart can weaken the heart leading to heart failure.
Cognitive Decline
Research suggests that individuals may have an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia.
Treatment Options for Atrial Fibrillation
Managing this condition involves controlling the heart rate, restoring a normal rhythm, and reducing the risk of stroke. Treatment options include:
- Medications can be used to control the heart rate, restore normal rhythm, and prevent blood clots.
- Cardioversion which uses electrical shocks or medications to reset the heart’s rhythm to normal.
- Catheter Ablation which targets and destroys the areas of the heart causing the abnormal electrical signals.
- Implantable Devices such as a pacemaker can be implanted to help regulate the heart’s rhythm.
- Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and managing stress, is crucial in managing the condition.
Dr David Begley is an expert in cardiac rhythm management and has extensive experience in diagnosing and treating this condition. Dr Begley offers advanced treatment options to help patients manage their condition and reduce the risk of complications. Get in touch to book an appointment to explore your symptoms and treatment options.